Have you ever felt dizzy or lightheaded when standing up too quickly? Or perhaps you’ve noticed your energy levels dropping unexpectedly? These could be signs of low blood pressure, also known as hypotension. While high blood pressure gets most of the attention, hypotension is equally important to understand and manage. Let’s dive into everything you need to know about low blood pressure, its causes, symptoms, and how to deal with it effectively.

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What is Low Blood Pressure?

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‍Low blood pressure, or hypotension, occurs when your blood pressure readings fall below the normal range. Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) and consists of two numbers: systolic (pressure when the heart pumps) and diastolic (pressure when the heart rests). For most people, a reading of 120/80 mmHg is considered normal. If the reading is lower than 90/60 mmHg, it is defined as Hypotension. But what does this mean for you? Simply put, low blood pressure means that your blood isn’t exerting enough force to push blood through your arteries effectively, potentially causing symptoms like dizziness or fainting.

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‍Types of Hypotension You Should Know About

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‍Did you know there are different types of low blood pressure? Each type has its own triggers and implications. Here are the main ones:

• Orthostatic Hypotension: This kind of low blood pressure occurs when you stand up too quickly and there is a sudden drop in blood pressure. It’s common among older adults.
• Postprandial Hypotension: Sometimes, there may be a drop in blood pressure after eating a meal, often seen in elderly individuals.
• Neurally Mediated Hypotension: This type affects young people and occurs after standing for long periods.
• Severe Hypotension (Shock): A life-threatening condition caused by major blood loss, infection, or heart failure.

Understanding the type of hypotension you’re dealing with can help determine the best course of action.

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‍What Causes Low Blood Pressure?

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‍Low blood pressure can have various causes, some of which are temporary, while others may require medical attention. Here are some common reasons for low blood pressure:

• Dehydration: Failure to consume enough water leads to decreased blood volume, thus causing hypotension.
• Medications: Certain drugs, for instance, diuretics or beta-blockers, can lead to low blood pressure as an adverse effect.
• Heart Diseases: A condition like bradycardia (slow heart rate) or failure of the heart can lead to low blood pressure.
• Endocrine Diseases: Your thyroid or adrenal glands may also malfunction and have a negative effect on blood pressure regulation.
• Blood Loss: Severe blood loss from injury or surgery can be dangerous, leading to a significant fall in blood pressure.
• Nutritional Deficiencies: Nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin B12 or folate, can lead to anaemia, which causes hypotension.

Sometimes, lifestyle factors such as staying in one place for too long or skipping meals can cause a temporary drop in blood pressure.‍

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Low Blood Pressure Symptoms

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Low blood pressure can have a wide range of symptoms, from mild to severe. The severity depends on the cause. The most common symptoms are:

• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Blurred vision
• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Fainting
• Difficulty concentrating

Less common symptoms can include chills, sweaty skin, shallow breathing, and, in extreme cases, even tremors. Identifying these symptoms early can help prevent further complications. Notably, some individuals with high blood pressure may show no symptoms. However, if you are experiencing persistent symptoms, seek advice from a healthcare professional.‍

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Decoding Blood Pressure Readings

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‍Blood pressure readings can give you a clearer picture of your health. Here are some key points to consider:

• A reading of 100/60 mmHg is often considered normal for some individuals, especially young, healthy adults.
• 60 mmHg diastolic pressure may indicate low blood pressure if accompanied by symptoms.
• A dangerously low blood pressure reading, such as 70/40 mmHg, can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

Monitoring your blood pressure at home with a reliable device can provide valuable insights. If you notice consistently low readings, keep a log to share with your healthcare provider.

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Getting Diagnosed: Tests and Procedures

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‍Diagnosing hypotension involves more than just a single blood pressure reading. Your doctor may:

• Perform multiple blood pressure measurements at different times and positions (e.g., sitting, standing).
• Conduct blood tests to check for anaemia or hormonal imbalances.
• Order an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess heart function.
• Recommend a tilt table test to diagnose orthostatic hypotension.
• If you suspect a heart problem, use an electrocardiogram or stress test. 

These diagnostic tests help ensure that treatment is targeted at the underlying cause. 

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Taking Charge: Treatment Options for Low Blood Pressure 

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‍Treatment for high blood pressure depends on the cause. Some of the treatments include: 

• Increase salt intake: People with low blood pressure may benefit from slightly increasing their salt intake. This is different from high blood pressure. (High blood pressure) and should consult a doctor before making dietary changes.
• Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help maintain blood volume and prevent dehydration.‍
• Wear Compression Stockings: These can improve blood flow and reduce symptoms of orthostatic hypotension.
• ‍Medications: In severe cases, medications like fludrocortisone may be prescribed to help raise blood pressure.‍
• Dietary Changes: Eating small, frequent meals and avoiding alcohol can help stabilise blood pressure levels.

Health and low blood pressure can be managed better by making lifestyle changes such as practising meditation to relax the body and sleep properly.

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‍Prevention of Hypotension

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‍Managing how low blood pressure is caused means that there are rules that have to be observed and some things that should not be done. Here are some strategies: 

• Stay Active: Regular exercise can improve circulation and blood pressure regulation.
• Avoid Sudden Movements: Standing up slowly can prevent dizziness caused by orthostatic hypotension.
• Eat a Balanced Diet: Ensure your meals include adequate nutrients like vitamin B12 and folate to prevent anaemia.
• Monitor Your Medications: If you suspect your medication is causing low blood pressure, talk to your doctor about alternatives.
• Limit Alcohol Consumption: Alcohol can lower blood pressure, so moderation is key.
• Stay Consistent: Try to maintain regular sleeping and eating patterns to avoid unexpected dips in blood pressure.

These steps can aid in reducing the risk of experiencing severe episodes of hypotension.

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‍Dr. Manjinder Sandhu for Heart Health

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Low blood pressure appears to be minor, but there is a key to staying healthy and avoiding more severe complications when one understands hypotension. Recognise the symptoms of low blood pressure, identify their causes, and make simple lifestyle adjustments for effective control of hypotension. Consult Dr. Manjinder Sandhu today for personalised guidance and treatment planning. Be proactive about health and keeping one's blood pressure under control. Book your appointment now!